Character Analysis The Odyssey - 2498 Words

When sons think about growing up and becoming adults, their fathers are their perfect role models. A son wants to have the same job as his father, have the same personality, and be able to impress his father to the best of his ability. When a father is absent from his son’s childhood, the son may try to live up to the stories he hears about his dad, while in other cases, the son may try to avoid any thought of how his father is portrayed. Without a father, a child often seeks out mentors to compensate for the lack of guidance. In The Odyssey, Telemachus grows up hearing stories about his father. His mother, Penelope, and servants in the palace build an image, in Telemachus’ mind, that his father, Odysseus, is a great fighter and hero. With the help of a goddess and mentor, Athena, Telemachus aspires to impress his father by becoming the man he thinks Odysseus would want him to be. Holden, on the other hand, does not have a great relationship with his father. After Holde n’s brother, Allie, dies, Holden is sent away to boarding school and learns how to grow up on his own. Unlike Telemachus who hopes to someday join forces with his father, Holden wants nothing to do with his father. Telemachus and Holden both look to adults for the guidance they do not receive from their absent fathers, but while Athena helps Telemachus become a confident, brave man, like his father, Holden fails to find a mentor who can help him become the bravely non-conformist man he’d like to be; unlike TheShow MoreRelatedThe Odyssey Character Analysis924 Words   |  4 PagesThe Odyssey by Homer is, an epic poem, set in ancient Greece around the eighth century. In The Odyssey by Homer the main character Odysseus is dragged along adventures and trials: temptation, danger, and influence along with passel of others and unpleasantness Odysseus faces and overcome parallel a regular person’s day, more specifically, myself. In The Odyssey by Homer, Odysseus encounters oodles of temptations, â€Å"...Calypso, held him in her hollow grottoes: she wanted him as a husband.† (HomerRead MoreCharacter Analysis : The Odyssey 1299 Words   |  6 Pages Johnsmeyer Hero Essay AP LANG Is Odysseus, the main character of Homer s The Odyssey, really an epic hero? An epic hero exemplifies several heroic traits such as; immortal or super-human strength; being highly intellectual and courageous; and being a powerful and responsible leader. An epic hero has struggles and is overwhelmed with difficulties whilst on a quest of self discovery, war, or some sort of goal. In the Odyssey, Odysseus is on a quest to return home to Ithaca after ten yearsRead MoreThe Odyssey And Beowulf : Character Analysis1642 Words   |  7 Pagesway to clearly mark certain behaviors as poor social etiquette. Through the use of extreme behavior that identifies a character as immoral, other behaviors that are exhibited are reinforced as distasteful and frowned upon by the society and culture. Without explicitly stating the rules, people are shown the correct and incorrect behaviors. Within The Odyssey and Beowulf, two characters clearly violate social norms by invading spaces that no one invited them into. The suitors and Grendel both demonstrateRead MoreCharacter Analysis : The Great Odyssey And Oedipus Essay1777 Words   |  8 PagesIn spite of the fact that neither Penelope nor Jocasta is the protagonist in the two great works Odyssey and Oedipus, the two characters both play important roles in driving the plots ahead, significantly contributing to the completely different fates of their husbands, Odysseus and Oedipus. Jocasta is a typical representative of the group of women who are passive and dependent. She inevitably falls victim to the male world, in that she fades into the background of the play and is marginalized underRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Telemachus and The Odyssey by Homer Essay646 Words   |  3 PagesTelemachus In the beginning of The Odyssey, Telemachus is not yet a man and not sure of himself yet. Embarking on a mission to find his father, he matures from a child to a strong, single-minded adult. Throughout the poem, Telemachus finds his place in the world and becomes a more well-rounded person. Although Telemachus never quite matches his father Odysseus in terms of wit, strength, agility, his resilience does develop throughout the text. In the epic, The Odyssey, by Homer, the young boy TelemachusRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Odyssues in Homer ´s Odyssey Essay examples572 Words   |  3 Pages I am Laertes son Odysseus, men hold me formidable for guile in peace and war: this fame has gone abroad to the skys rim. (1047) Odysseus is an epic hero in The Odyssey and exhibits three character traits that assuredly stand out to readers. Those traits are intelligence, compassion, and determination. When trapped in a cave and held captive Odysseus makes a hasty, but intelligent decision to spare his captors life. His captor just happened to be a Cyclops. Odysseus was astute in hisRead MoreA Comparative Analysis of Characters in Oh Brother, Where Art Thou?, Homers Iliad and Odyssey and The Alchemist765 Words   |  3 PagesHarry Potter, Frodo Baggins, and many more. Two other examples of this are the hunt for the treasure in the movie Oh Brother For Art Thou, a modern retelling of Homers Iliad and Odyssey, and the Paulo Coelho 1988 novel The Alchemist. Similar in many ways, dissimilar in age, species and even planet, these three characters nevertheless undergo both a personal evolution during their journey and become heroic in their selfless determination to help others. We can think of this as the heros journey whichRead MoreThe Penelopiad Analysis958 Words   |  4 Pagesmust first look at how Atwood perceived the characters and writings that Homer created in his novel à ¢â‚¬ËœThe Odyssey’ . In an interview, Atwood explained her beliefs on the gender roles surround The Odyssey thus incorporating this as well as other materials into ‘The Penelopiad’ by stating: â€Å"There is an argument that has been made quite thoroughly that The Iliad and The Odyssey were written by two different people, and that the person who wrote The Odyssey was a woman.’ Atwood then carries on to explainRead More Elements of Homers Odyssey in the Coen Brothers Oh Brother Where Art Thou646 Words   |  3 Pagesadventure The Odyssey, is a film amusingly filled with themes of symbolism similar to those found in Homer’s epic, while still maintaining a sense of originality and style that they have become so renowned for. An exciting and entertaining blend of high adventure, humour, and heartfelt emotion, at first glance, the film barely resembles Homer’s poem: only certain elements are obvious, such as the main character’s name and the three sirens by the river. However, a deeper and more intense analysis of theRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer, Annotated Bibliography Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pageshe Odyssey, as written by Homer, intricately and excitingly weaves Colin Renfrew’s Subsystem Theories throughout the entire play. Many of the five subsystem theories can be seen and support understanding of the novel. Of the five sys tems, trade/communication, social/ political hierarchy and symbolic subsystems will be the focus of analysis in this paper. All of these subsystems come together in The Odyssey to explain the characters and their lives, and also how they fit into the society which they

A Psychoanalytical Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The...

A Psychoanalytical Analysis of Edgar Allan Poe s Use of Characterization in The Cask of Amontillado and The Tell-Tale Heart The mind is like an iceberg, it floats with one-seventh of its bulk above water. -From Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud s topography model of the mind explains that a person s psyche has three levels of consciousness: 1.) the conscious, which holds what a person is aware of; 2.) the preconscious, which stores thoughts and information; and 3.) the unconscious, which warehouses urges, feelings, and ideas. Freud compares the mind to an iceberg with 10 percent of a person s psyche consisting of the conscious mind. This includes thoughts and perceptions. The next level is 10 to 15 percent, and it is referred to as†¦show more content†¦Shameful experences are driving forces of the unconscious level. As Montresor attempts to cope with the anxiety and pain he has endured due to Fortunato s insults, he experiences shame. Outwardly confessing that he has endured insults in the past, Montresor admits: The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could (415). He is ashamed of how many times he has dealt with Fortunato s abuse, and this shame has overtaken his mind to the point o f him acting out in revenge. Thus, his unconscious mind, where he has stored shameful experiences, has overtaken the other parts and resulted in violence. Likewise, in The Tell-Tale Heart, the narrator s unconscious level, which warehouses fear, overtakes his rationality in order to cope with the anxiety he feels about the old man. Fear is a driving force in the unconscious mind, and when fear is allowed to come to the forefront and dictate one s behavior, consequences result. The narrator explains that he loves the old man and has no desire for his money; however, he is so repulsed by the eye that he is fearful. He explains: Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold (317). His fear of the eye is so great that he resorts to murder, thus giving into violent motives

Text Explication Essay for Sonnet 60 free essay sample

William Shakespeare Professor C. Soldan Poetry is â€Å"the art  of rhythmical composition, written or spoken, for exciting pleasure by beautiful, imaginative, or elevated thoughts†. This paper will focus on poet William Shakespeare (1564-1616) who was famous in the Renaissance Period prior to the year 1750. Shakespeare was found to have 154 written sonnets, which dealt with themes such as the time, love, beauty and mortality. However, a personal favourite of Shakespeare’s sonnets is sonnet 60, a sonnet that falls under the theme of passing time and addresses the â€Å"fair youth† whom is spoke to or about in a large percentage of Shakespearean sonnets. This sonnet will be critically analyzed and poetic genre will be analyzed. Part One Explication The first quatrain of Sonnet 60 begins by using imagery to compare one’s life to the waves of the ocean, and how these waves crash against the â€Å"pebbled shore† which is similar to the way that the minutes of our lives quicken as we age. We will write a custom essay sample on Text Explication Essay for Sonnet 60 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Shakespeare continues by using the pebbles along the shore to resemble the hardships that people will face throughout a lifetime. To end the first quatrain, he explains that the waves of the ocean will always continue to crash in the same way that troubling events in one’s life will continue to occur, the movement of the waves or actions of the human do not change as time passes. The second quatrain is used to describe how an individual’s childhood begins, from the stage of being born until they begin to crawl and develop, in the same way that a sun starts as being bright and the main source of light but gradually becomes dimmer and shadows arise. Shakespeare is comparing the passing of time in one’s life to the way that the sun moves, as it rises to light the world and is then dimmed by the night. It is believed that he is trying to explain it in the sense that we are fighting to keep our youth as is the sun trying to keep its light, however time has begun to defeat us. Furthermore, in the third quatrain Shakespeare compares time to a monster. The monster is described to be killing the beauty and peacefulness of youth. In addition, this monster is said to be changing the beauty of youth by replacing beauty with â€Å"parallels on the brow†, or wrinkles. In the outstanding couplet, Shakespeare attempts to challenge time. He indicates that even though time may change the physical beauty and youthfulness of the one(s) he loves, he will continue to love them as he always has. When analyzing the type of rhyme, quatrain one (lines 1-4) is considered to be a compound rhyme, quatrain two contains compound rhyme as well as imperfect rhyme. The imperfect rhyme is found with the word crown’d and confound, words that sound similar but do not look the same and contain a difference in metrical feet. The third quatrain, lines nine and eleven are compound rhyme while lines ten and twelve are feminine rhyme. The ending couplet is a compound rhyme. Sonnet 60 is written mainly in Iambic Pentameter, however it also includes multiple troches, which are used throughout the sonnet to help develop the main theme. A prime example of this use for troches is shown within the first two lines of the sonnet and is used in order to draw attention to the waves moving quickly and the attacks on time. Furthermore, troches are also present in the beginning of lines six and seven to draw attention to the theme of birth, more specifically the waves nearing the shore and children quickly growing. The non-linear pattern in the second quatrain assist in drawing attention to the slowness and recurring breaks which mimics life as time passes. Most importantly, all three quatrains convey the main theme of the sonnet within the meter– the theme of passing time. Furthermore, Shakespeare uses a great deal of personification throughout Sonnet 60 in order to draw the reader even further into the poem. The main usage for personification is time. Shakespeare begins to personify time at the end of the second quatrain by using a capital T for the word time, which would in turn make the word a proper noun. He furthers this by referring to time as â€Å"He† which creates time into a living thing. Additionally, Shakespeare states in line 11 that Time â€Å"Feeds on the rarities of nature’s truth† which is indicating that Time has the ability to eat as a human would. The personification used throughout this sonnet gives time a much deeper meaning and makes the theme of passing time much more open to the reader. William Shakespeares Sonnet 60 deals with the passing of time and its effects on the youthfulness of ones life. This sonnet uses the imagery of waves beating against the shore to show the efforts to delay Time and longer enjoy the youth of ones life. Through the significant use of rhyme, personification and imagery, Shakespeare attempts to explain the importance of time and ones youthfulness to the reader. I believe that Sonnet 60 was written exceptionally well by including many different figures of speech that allowed for the effective production of the theme. A variety of tones allowed for an open mind while reading, but in contrast the use of rhyme and creative metaphors caused the reader to become involved with the poem.

International Trade Essays - Economy Of Hong Kong,

International Trade Introductuion Hong Kong, the pearl of Asia has been the center of trade and finance in Asia since the early 20th century. In a short history of about 150 years, Hong Kong has become the source of growth for many nearby economies. In a certain sense, it can be even said that it is a merchant city founded and managed by businessmen. Traditional hongs or trade houses of Hong Kong were the pillar of the economy. Jardine Matheson and Hutchison were major hongs that led the economy and the Hong Kong & Shanghi Bank were the financier of these hongs and has today grown to become one of the largest bank in the world. These firms were the critical factors of the growth for Hong Kong's economy. Their role however has changed overtime. They are no longer the de facto leaders of Hong Kong as they were in the mid 1800's. Their role has diminished as Hong Kong grew to become more international, and the 1997 handover to the People's Republic of China has further altered their position. Some hongs that adapted well to the changing times prospered while others either went bankrupt or become stagnant. Background on Hong Kong Economy The territory of Hong Kong is located at the mouth of the Pearl River, a little southwest of the Guangdong Province of the PRC. Hong Kong was ceded to the British after the Opium War in 1842. Many believe that the British hongs were behind lobbying the British government into fighting the Chinese Government and the settlement of the island. Kowloon was annexed in 1860, and the New territories were leased for 99 years in 1898. In 1984, the British and the PRC government agreed that Hong Kong as a whole would return to Chinese soverienty in 1997. However, a system of one country two systems were also agreed upon where Hong Kong would retain its status as a free port, with it's laws remaining unchanged for 50 years. It's main emphasis is to preserve Hong Kong's laws and economic freedom, thus to enhance the position of Hong Kong as a economic center. The Large British owned hongs were originally trade and warehouse companies established by the British in the early days of Hong Kong colonialism, they have since grown in to major commerical conglomerates. They hold interest in cargo handling, manufacturing, real estate, and even retailing. They are the engine of the Hong Kong economy. Since Britain took over the port city in 1842 to use as a gateway to the Chinese markets, the business of Hong Kong had been business, and the power was held by the hongs. The first traditional hong was the Jardine Matheson. It was once seen to be more influential than the colonial government but nowadays it has become a minor player compared to Li Ka Shing's Hutchision Whampoa. Li Ka Shing, the Chairman or Taipan of Hutchision Whampoa, became the first Chinese to own a traditional hong. Li's drive and business ability helped foster Hutchision into a global conglomerate. Hong Kong Bank grew from a small trader's bank into one of the Top ten banks in the world today. Jardine Matheson Jardine, Matheson & Co. was founded by 2 Scottish merchants, William Jardine and James Matheson in Guangdong in 1832. It was an opium trader that were the pioneers into the China trade. Eventually James Matheson takes control from 1836. It played a key role in the founding of Hong Kong and became the first to purchase land from the colonial government in 1842. Jardine expanded into other trade products in other Asian countries like Japan and South East Asian countries and also enters the ship/cargo handling industry and the real estate business. After World War II, Jardine moved their head office from Shanghi back to Hong Kong and it offically goes public in the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 1961. The 1970's saw Jardine forming many ventures and aquisitions such as the joint venture with the Robert Fleming of UK to create the Jardine Fleming & Co., a holding company the aquires many foreign and local firms and diversifies Jardine's business. The mid- 1980's saw some mismanagments and misguided aquisition especially after the 1984 Sino-British announcement on the

Vaping Epidemic in Today’s Youth Professor Ramos Blog

Vaping Epidemic in Today’s Youth In today’s society, a huge problem is on the rise and if not stopped could lead to many problems. Children as young as 12 are being exposed to e-cigarettes. They’re drawn in from the good tasting flavors and cool smoke tricks. Since the creation of the vape in 2007, the products have become evolutionized and are very accessible. Studies have found that 1 in every 4 high schoolers use e-cigarettes. A product that was created to fix the problem of adults smoking cigarettes has created an even larger epidemic that has very bad consequences. As reported by the California Tobacco Control Program, â€Å"The tobacco industry is hooking the next generation of addicts, and flavors are a big way in† (Learn about the Social and Health Effects of Vaping). The e-liquid in vape products usually contains propylene glycol or vegetable glycerin-based liquid with nicotine, flavoring and other chemicals and metals, but not tobacco. In the article, Kids Who Vape Face Toxin Dangers, Study Finds, Rubinstein says, One of the reasons why more teens are using these products is they feel that they are safe and/or safer than smoking† (Thompson). So, children are thinking it’s non harmful and it sure doesn’t taste like it is either; which is luring kids into thinking it’s fun and has no consequences.   This new invention, made to eliminate a problem in adults, has now caused an addiction in children who statistically would have never smoked a cigarette or come into contact with nicotine. When comparing studies and statistics from forty years ago to current research, it is obvious just how prevalent the use of these new vape products really is in today’s youth. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, â€Å"Forty years ago, nearly 29 percent of high school seniors reported smoking cigarettes daily†¦ By 2018, less than 1 in 25 high schoolers smokes daily† (Campbell). As stated by The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention a decline has begun â€Å"with 4.3 percent fewer middle schoolers and 15.8 percent fewer high schoolers admitting to smoking cigarettes between 2011 and 2018† (Campbell). It is obvious that this decline is only caused by the increase in use of vape products. Vaping is much easier to access, hide from others, and smoke compared to cigarettes; so it makes that the statistics have gone down for cigarette smoking in today’s youth. Dr Richard Miech, at the Institute for Social Research at the Unive rsity of Michigan, he found â€Å"Of the students who had ever used a vaporiser in their life, 65–66% in each grade reported vaping ‘just flavouring’ at last use† (Miech). The same organization released information from current time and â€Å"In 2018, 4.9 percent of middle schoolers reported using electronic cigarettes, and 20.8 percent of high schoolers reported the same† (Campbell). Statistics have also shown that between the year 2017 to 2018, †E-cig usage by high school students increased 78%† (Learn about the Social and Health Effects of Vaping). In 2018, 1 in 4 high school students have used a nicotine vape at least once. Shockingly, kids report vaping as young as 12 years old and continue all throughout middle and high school. So, are these new electronic cigarettes a solution to help adults quit smoking or is it a gateway into an entire other problem in teens developing nicotine addictions that come with dangerous consequences? Although, most adults and children believe that vaping has no effects on your health. Vape products use aerosol, specified as a â€Å"fine spray†, which â€Å"actually consists of fine particles containing toxic chemicals, many of which have been linked to cancer, as well as respiratory and heart diseases† (Campbell). It is scientifically proven that once your body is addicted to nicotine and you take a break or try to stop, nicotine withdrawals begin. These effects include: mood swings and feeling depressed. Some research has also shown that nicotine may cause negative effects to your arteries, but mostly your heart and lungs. It is also proven to affect the development of children’s brains, specifically memory and attention. Although vapes don’t contai n as many chemicals or the same chemicals as a real cigarette, â€Å"Some brands contain chemicals including formaldehyde often used in building materials and another ingredient used in antifreeze that can cause cancer† (Wheeler). The flavoring in e-cigs has also â€Å"raise red flags. Some use a buttery-tasting chemical called diacetyl, which is often added to foods like popcorn. When its inhaled, it can be dangerous† (Wheeler). The large percentage of children in today’s world who are continuing to vape and develop nicotine addictions from these products will end up paying for their actions when they experience these terrible health effects. No one is talking about how popular this problem really is and how many children are going to be affected by the harsh chemicals being used to create the tasty flavored e-cigarettes. Yes, most of the dangerous chemicals we know that are in cigarettes are mostly inhaled through the burning smoke that contains them. And we also know â€Å"E-cigs dont burn, so people arent as exposed to those toxins. A 2015 expert review from Public Health England estimated e-cigs are 95% less harmful than the real thing†( Wheeler). But, regardless of how much better vapes are compared to cigarettes, insanely large amounts of children who would’ve never smoked cigarettes to begin with are becoming addicted to nicotine that will have present and future consequences. Currently the FDA is working on the problem and has begun trying to bring the problem to attention and hopefully find a way to decrease the numbers of vaping in youth. According to the article, Regulation of E-Cigarettes in the United States and Its Role in a Youth Epidemic, â€Å"FDA submitted letters to the ï ¬ ve companies that supply more than 95% of the U.S. ENDS [e-cigarette] market, asking them to each provide a plan to the agency detailing how they will â€Å"address the widespread youth access and use of their products† (Gottlieb). If the responses were inadequate, the FDA indicated that it might revisit its policy of allowing these products into the market. Gottlieb claimed that â€Å"Shortly after the FDA letters were sent, Altria, maker of the MarkTen e-cigarette product line, announced that it would stop selling most ï ¬â€šavored ENDS entirely. It was only two months after that announcement, however, that it purchased its $12 billion stake in Juul Lab† (Gottlieb). Even the FDA tried making a difference in the epidemic that is very prevalent amongst children in America and no change was made by the companies producing the products. In order to create a decrease in statistics, people of all ages need to make an effort to talk about the problem and start the conversation about the negative effects. The companies making the electronic cigarettes also need to make announcements, disclosing the dangers of their products and make it known that it is not for use by children and can cause problems in child users. If people keep brushing the debate of whether vaping is dangerous for children, it is going to be too late for today’s youth. We must start talking about the problem and not stop until a change is made and more people are worried about children becoming addicted to nicotine. This epidemic is being looked over and it is not okay. Campbell, Leah. â€Å"Juuling, Vaping and Nicotine Addiction.† Healthline, Healthline Media, 2 Aug. 2019, healthline.com/health-news/juuling-the-new-vaping-trend-thats-twice-as-addictive-as-cigarettes#1. Accessed on 6 August 2019. Gottlieb, Mark A. Regulation of E-cigarettes in the United States and its role in a youth epidemic. Children 6.3 (2019): 40. Accessed on 6 August 2019. â€Å"Learn about the Social and Health Effects of Vaping.† California Tobacco Control Program English, flavorshookkids.org/?msclkid=ba38ab0158cf139d1cc8f64b68f29b3a#know-the-signs. Accessed on 6 August 2019. Miech, Richard, et al. What are kids vaping? Results from a national survey of US adolescents. Tobacco control 26.4 (2017): 386-391. Accessed on 6 August 2019. Thompson, Dennis. â€Å"Kids Who Vape Face Toxin Dangers, Study Finds.† WebMD, WebMD, 5 Mar. 2018, webmd.com/smoking-cessation/news/20180305/kids-who-vape-face-toxin-dangers-study-finds#1. Accessed on 6 August 2019. Wheeler, Regina Boyle. â€Å"Is Vaping Bad For You? Health Risks Safety Compared to Smoking.† WebMD, WebMD, webmd.com/smoking-cessation/features/vape-debate-electronic-cigarettes#1. Accessed on 6 August 2019.

Macedonian Army Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Macedonian Army - Essay Example Between 30,000 and 43,000 infantry followed Alexander into Asia Minor to fight the Persians. He had only 70 talents for their pay, and no more than thirty days' provisions. These scarce resources destroyed any hope from his army. However this also motivated them to fight desperately before all their supplies finished. The 40,000 Persian infantry and cavalry were desiccated. The Macedonian army's confidence raised head high and this confidence scared all the cities on the coast into submission to Alexander. Alexander wanted to go into the heart of Persia to defeat their king Darius. However a secretive illness to Alexander prevented such an excursion for the time. All of Alexander's attendants were afraid to try any remedies, because if their remedy failed, and Alexander died, the Macedonians might blame the physician. During this time the Macedonian army was becoming demoralized day by day thinking whether Alexander could defeat his illness or would he let them rot deprived of a leader. The morale of Macedonian army soared sky high after they defeated the Persians and forced King Darius to flee. Darius knew that Alexander would come for his so he prepared an army of a million men. When the two armies came in sight and the noise and campfires of the vast barbarian camp were heard, fear started to creep into some of Alexander's generals.

Stress reduction techniques Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stress reduction techniques - Research Paper Example Distress is a negative type of stress that can be short term or long term. This type of stress is caused by frequent undesired changes. Hyperstress occurs when a person is "pushed beyond what he or she can handle" (National Center). Hypostress occurs when a person is not pushed at all. Boredom is an example of hypostress. These types of stress can cause direct health problems, such as weakening the immune system and indirect health problems, such as leading a person to alcohol or drug abuse (Smyth, Joshua and Kelly Filipkowski, 272). There are many different ways that people cope with these types of stress. According to Band and Weisz, there are three main ways of coping with stress: primary control coping, secondary control coping, or relinquished control. With primary control coping, the individual attempts to change the circumstance that is causing the stress. With secondary control coping, the individual attempts to adjust to the current circumstance that is stressful. With relin quished control, the individual neither attempts to change the circumstance or adjust to it. The individual instead tries to ignore the problem. This paper will cover five popular techniques for reducing stress. One of the most popular techniques for reducing stress is meditation. This exercise is usually used with secondary control or relinquished control coping. There are three basic types of meditation: mantra meditation, sitting meditation, and breath-counting meditation (Davis, Eshelman and McKay). In mantra meditation, the individual settles into a comfortable position and repeats a special word or phrase to clear the mind of other thoughts and induce relaxation. Sitting meditation is the simplest type. The individual settles into a comfortable sitting position, then focusing on his or her breathing to induce relaxation. The last type is breath-counting meditation. This is similar to the sitting type, except the individual counts to a specified number, usually 5 or 10, for